The Universe is everything to time and space to matter and energy. From beginning of time, we have taken small steps, to try to understand everything and where it began. First time, when these pioneers of astronomers look with telescope, they could see stars, galaxies, dust, gases, worlds untouched and more. These are what we can see with light in our universe, but could there be more then what we see in our universe. Some of the thing that we theory is dark matter and dark energy. Do they really exist in our universe or are they just a theory of some crack-pot scientist trying to gain attentions? What roles do they play in our universe? Where and when they started to exist in our universe? Why do we need it? How will they affect end the universe? [1]
History
Before the discovery of dark matter and dark energy in human existence, what was cause of dark matter and dark energy to form in our universe? The answer may be, the idea call “The Big Bang Theory”. “The Big Bang Theory” was theory that almost fourteen billion years ago something happens to form the universe. All matter form in the universe is from Big Bang. Many scientists consider this starting point of universe. Naming of theory is incorrect because it was not big and there no bang. Most
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theorist of “The Big Bang” considers it as a very high, density and tinier then atom so was not big and there was no air so could not carry vibration so no bang. The name stuck, so call Big Bang. Stephen Hawking called the Big Bang, “…the most important discovery of the century, if not of all time.”(Hawking) Before “The Big Bang Theory”, many scientist consider that only galaxy in the cosmos was Milky Way around the 1920s. (Even before this idea, we consider everything rotate our planet in our solar system because of religion reasons.) Two men argue about this topic. One was Harlow Shapley, who work at California’s of Mount Wilson Observatory. He value that Milky Way made up the universe and nothing else exist. The other man was named Heber Curtis of California’s Lick Observatory explains the Milky Way was only tiny part of grand universe because a distant nebula called Andromeda was too big so he suggest that from some other separate galaxies to prove that is other galaxies then Milky Way. Sadly most of scientist in this time frame assume that our universe was constant meaning never changing and there no beginning or end of universe. Even Albert Einstein thought that universe was at constant as well. He creates a theory to insure that universe was at constant called General Relativity. This proves that our universe was either expanding or contracting. As he fear this, he added a lie factor call cosmological constant to help the theory to predict a steady-state, ever unchanging Universe. Many scientists fell into this lie and believe, but these actions would lead his followers into new ideas that Einstein did not expect. Around this time, an astronomer named Edwin Hubble found two amazing discovery that will help prove the existence of “The Big Bang Theory” and prove that Albert Einstein incorrect. He used the world largest telescope in that time frame: about 100-inch Hooker Telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory in California. Hubble explain that nebulae called Andromeda was not cloud of gas ,but assortment of individual stars that exist and proving that Andromeda was far away galaxy (because it was around ten time farther from farthest star in our galaxy). This telescope could also see farther galaxies that exist in our universe. Second discover, he made was faraway galaxies were receding from each other. Hubble’s law was form, the farther away the galaxies were faster it shall move away. As stars radiate brightness all direction can be call luminosity. Hubble use stars’ luminosity aka brightness to record distance away from us. He co
Courstesy of http://ssscott.tripod.com/BigBang.html
mpare star to other to find the distance. He found that 2.0 x 10^6 light years from us to galaxy call Andromeda. Light year defines as light travel thought vacuum in year about 9.4 trillion kilometers. Another way was something called red shift, the object was find speed of star by the light and time. With this Red shift concept to add another to the piece of puzzle to help on find proving expanding Universe and to “The Big Bang Theory”.
In about 1960s, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or NASA launched the first communication satellite called Echo to rotat e the Earth. This provides signals like telephone, radio, and television. Scientists at Bell Labs at Crawford Hill, New Jersey, had other plans for this communication satellite. They create a dish to use as radio telescope for astrophysics research. This radio telescope was so sensitive it was able to collect electromagnetic radiation in other word radio waves. They use the radio telescope to measure radio waves moving thought outside edge of our Milky Way galaxy and many other galaxies as well. As they use radio telescope, they found weird noise at 7.35cm of wavelength. They learn that lengths in the waves can change the temperature. They haven’t complete understand this event. After few years, they consider that maybe this weird noise was radiation left behind (or aftermath Big Bang. Around 1992, two scientists with undying evidence of big bang help prove it.
After this talk about the Big Bang, it time to get do main topic, Dark matter and dark energy. The Theory of Dark matter and Dark energy has existed since the Big Bang Theory was form. They fought for control of universe and how going to end. Either the universe is going burst into flame and burning everything to death or freezing, frozen death. So which one of these theories is going to come true?
Dark Matter
Dark matter is invisible matter that emits little or no light and that remain undetected, contribution how much gravity in that part of universe. Many people consider this as new exotic particle and could not be found on this planet. Does not interact with anything expect gravity and some people are going underground to try find and catch a dark matter . There many theories on this topic because they have not had direct way that we can see it. Some of us assume that dark matter make up about 90% of our universe in matter. It only really make estimate 23% of our universe. We also assume that this matter exist once big bang begin.
It begins with man named Fritz Zwicky. He was looking in cluster in galaxy to determine a average mass of that cluster. When he fined his answer it was about 160 time more massive then he expect to find. So he assumes that he is only seeing luminous stuff. He came up the idea of dark matter.
There are two types that dark matter that could be baryonic or non baryonic. Baryonic is ordinary matter because ordinary matter is made up of neutrons, protons and elections and emits little or no light at all like dark matter. MACHO aka Massive Compact Halo Object, we consider this as baryon and maybe lead what is dark matter. Some of these massive compact halo object are brown dwarf, white dwarf, or black holes. Instead of MACHO it could be WIMPs. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles meaning that they weaker then ordinary matter. Some of those are neutrinos, axions, or photino.
Dark Energy
Dark energy is invisible energy source that remain undetected, it is partly response for acceleration of the expansion in the universe. This make the rest of the universe about estimate of 73% of universe. Einstein was first to propose this in his cosmical constant. Einstein say this was greatest blunder and discard. Dark energy have been here since the big bang.
In the first, nine billion year of universe, dark matter was more powerful then dark energy. After this happen dark energy over take dark matter, meaning the universe is expansion. Once the dark energy completely dark matter overtaken the expansion increase even more. Every unit of time square it that is acceleration of your universe.
The universe only has certain heat since the big bang. Why? In term of energy, energy cannot be created or destroy only by change or transfer. Since the universe is expanding the heat as well. The universe getting colder and colder meaning that once hit point no more life. That higher chance the being fried up. In the cosmic, dark energy rule in our fate in end of universe.
Table of Contents
Dark matter & Dark Energy
The Universe is everything to time and space to matter and energy. From beginning of time, we have taken small steps, to try to understand everything and where it began. First time, when these pioneers of astronomers look with telescope, they could see stars, galaxies, dust, gases, worlds untouched and more. These are what we can see with light in our universe, but could there be more then what we see in our universe. Some of the thing that we theory is dark matter and dark energy. Do they really exist in our universe or are they just a theory of some crack-pot scientist trying to gain attentions? What roles do they play in our universe? Where and when they started to exist in our universe? Why do we need it? How will they affect end the universe? [1]
History
Before the discovery of dark matter and dark energy in human existence, what was cause of dark matter and dark energy to form in our universe? The answer may be, the idea call “The Big Bang Theory”. “The Big Bang Theory” was theory that almost fourteen billion years ago something happens to form the universe. All matter form in the universe is from Big Bang. Many scientists consider this starting point of universe. Naming of theory is incorrect because it was not big and there no bang. Most
Stephen Hawking called the Big Bang, “…the most important discovery of the century, if not of all time.”(Hawking) Before “The Big Bang Theory”, many scientist consider that only galaxy in the cosmos was Milky Way around the 1920s. (Even before this idea, we consider everything rotate our planet in our solar system because of religion reasons.) Two men argue about this topic. One was Harlow Shapley, who work at California’s of Mount Wilson Observatory. He value that Milky Way made up the universe and nothing else exist. The other man was named Heber Curtis of California’s Lick Observatory explains the Milky Way was only tiny part of grand universe because a distant nebula called Andromeda was too big so he suggest that from some other separate galaxies to prove that is other galaxies then Milky Way.
Sadly most of scientist in this time frame assume that our universe was constant meaning never changing and there no beginning or end of universe. Even Albert Einstein thought that universe was at constant as well. He creates a theory to insure that universe was at constant called General Relativity. This proves that our universe was either expanding or contracting. As he fear this, he added a lie factor call cosmological constant to help the theory to predict a steady-state, ever unchanging Universe. Many scientists fell into this lie and believe, but these actions would lead his followers into new ideas that Einstein did not expect.
Around this time, an astronomer named Edwin Hubble found two amazing discovery that will help prove the existence of “The Big Bang Theory” and prove that Albert Einstein incorrect. He used the world largest telescope in that time frame: about 100-inch Hooker Telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory in California. Hubble explain that nebulae called Andromeda was not cloud of gas ,but assortment of individual stars that exist and proving that Andromeda was far away galaxy (because it was around ten time farther from farthest star in our galaxy). This telescope could also see farther galaxies that exist in our universe. Second discover, he made was faraway galaxies were receding from each other. Hubble’s law was form, the farther away the galaxies were faster it shall move away.
As stars radiate brightness all direction can be call luminosity. Hubble use stars’ luminosity aka brightness to record distance away from us. He co
mpare star to other to find the distance. He found that 2.0 x 10^6 light years from us to galaxy call Andromeda. Light year defines as light travel thought vacuum in year about 9.4 trillion kilometers. Another way was something called red shift, the object was find speed of star by the light and time. With this Red shift concept to add another to the piece of puzzle to help on find proving expanding Universe and to “The Big Bang Theory”.
In about 1960s, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or NASA launched the first communication satellite called Echo to rotat
e the Earth. This provides signals like telephone, radio, and television. Scientists at Bell Labs at Crawford Hill, New Jersey, had other plans for this communication satellite. They create a dish to use as radio telescope for astrophysics research. This radio telescope was so sensitive it was able to collect electromagnetic radiation in other word radio waves. They use the radio telescope to measure radio waves moving thought outside edge of our Milky Way galaxy and many other galaxies as well.
As they use radio telescope, they found weird noise at 7.35cm of wavelength. They learn that lengths in the waves can change the temperature. They haven’t complete understand this event. After few years, they consider that maybe this weird noise was radiation left behind (or aftermath Big Bang. Around 1992, two scientists with undying evidence of big bang help prove it.
After this talk about the Big Bang, it time to get do main topic, Dark matter and dark energy. The Theory of Dark matter and Dark energy has existed since the Big Bang Theory was form. They fought for control of universe and how going to end. Either the universe is going burst into flame and burning everything to death or freezing, frozen death. So which one of these theories is going to come true?
Dark Matter
Dark matter is invisible matter that emits little or no light and that remain undetected, contribution how much gravity in that part of universe. Many people consider this as new exotic particle and could not be found on this planet. Does not interact with anything expect gravity and some people are going underground to try find and catch a dark matter . There many theories on this topic because they have not had direct way that we can see it. Some of us assume that dark matter make up about 90% of our universe in matter. It only really make estimate 23% of our universe. We also assume that this matter exist once big bang begin.
It begins with man named Fritz Zwicky. He was looking in cluster in galaxy to determine a average mass of that cluster. When he fined his answer it was about 160 time more massive then he expect to find. So he assumes that he is only seeing luminous stuff. He came up the idea of dark matter.
There are two types that dark matter that could be baryonic or non baryonic. Baryonic is ordinary matter because ordinary matter is made up of neutrons, protons and elections and emits little or no light at all like dark matter. MACHO aka Massive Compact Halo Object, we consider this as baryon and maybe lead what is dark matter. Some of these massive compact halo object are brown dwarf, white dwarf, or black holes. Instead of MACHO it could be WIMPs. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles meaning that they weaker then ordinary matter. Some of those are neutrinos, axions, or photino.
Dark Energy
Dark energy is invisible energy source that remain undetected, it is partly response for acceleration of the expansion in the universe. This make the rest of the universe about estimate of 73% of universe. Einstein was first to propose this in his cosmical constant. Einstein say this was greatest blunder and discard. Dark energy have been here since the big bang.
In the first, nine billion year of universe, dark matter was more powerful then dark energy. After this happen dark energy over take dark matter, meaning the universe is expansion. Once the dark energy completely dark matter overtaken the expansion increase even more. Every unit of time square it that is acceleration of your universe.
The universe only has certain heat since the big bang. Why? In term of energy, energy cannot be created or destroy only by change or transfer. Since the universe is expanding the heat as well. The universe getting colder and colder meaning that once hit point no more life. That higher chance the being fried up. In the cosmic, dark energy rule in our fate in end of universe.
Keynote
Reference
Dark Energy Found Stifling Growth in Universe [1]
Dark Energy and Man 3 Fold [2]
Dark Energy [3]
Dark Energy Hubble [4]
Dark Energy: The Biggest Mystery in the Universe [5]
Dark Matter [6]
Dark Matter and Dark Energy [7]
Universe in the Nutshell[8]
HETDEX [9]
Particle of Dark Matter[10]
The Big Bang[11]
Big Bang Wiki[12]
A History of Black Hole[13]
Fritz Zwicky Wiki[14]
Fritz Zwicky[15]
Albert Einstien Wiki[15]
What is Cosmological Constant[16]
Universe 101[17]
WMAP[18]
Stephin Hawking[19]
Netflix[20]